Specialist in General Surgery and advanced laparoscopy, Specialist in Pedagogy and Teaching, Master in Clinical Epidemiology, Executive MBA. 20 years of experience as a physician and 10 years as a surgeon. I have had the opportunity to work in the leading health institutions in Bogotá, promoting proper clinical management and good medical practices, health prevention, patient experience, and safety.
I have been affiliated since 2014 with the Cardioinfantil Foundation-La Cardio, where I have led different areas: Metabolic and Nutritional Support Group, General Surgery Service, Surgery Research Group (GRINCIR), and currently the Department of Surgery
As Head of the Department of Surgery, my role encompasses a broad range of responsibilities aimed at ensuring the highest standards of surgical care. I oversee the strategic planning and execution of surgical services, including the development and implementation of policies and procedures that align with national healthcare regulations and international best
I am responsible for the management of the department's budget, ensuring the optimal allocation of resources to meet the needs of patients while promoting efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
Quality control and patient safety are paramount in my position. I oversee the implementation of rigorous protocols for surgical procedures and patient care, conducting regular audits and reviews to maintain the highest standards of safety and effectiveness. My role also involves active participation in interdisciplinary teams to develop comprehensive care plans for patients, ensuring a holistic approach to treatment that spans pre-operative assessment through to post-operative recovery and follow-up.
In summary, as the Head of the Surgery Department, I am dedicated to leading a team of professionals in delivering exceptional surgical care, advancing the field through innovation and research, and upholding the highest standards of safety and quality for the benefit of our patients.
Leadership and Management: Oversee the surgical department, ensuring the highest standards of patient care, efficiency, and compliance with all healthcare regulations.
Team Coordination: Coordinate the activities of surgeons, nurses, and other healthcare professionals within the department. Facilitate interdisciplinary collaboration across the institution to enhance patient outcomes.
Surgical Expertise: Perform complex surgical procedures, demonstrating technical excellence and contributing to the department's reputation for high-quality surgical care.
Budget and Resources Management: Manage the department's budget, resources, and equipment, ensuring optimal use and advocating for necessary resources to meet patient care standards.
Quality Improvement: Lead initiatives to improve surgical techniques, patient safety, and care outcomes. Implement evidence-based practices and innovate procedures to enhance departmental efficiency and effectiveness.
Education and Training: Develop and oversee educational programs for medical students, residents, and fellows. Mentor the next generation of surgeons, fostering a culture of continuous learning and professional development.
Research and Development: Engage in and support clinical research projects to advance surgical practices. Promote the integration of research findings into clinical practice within the department.
Policy Development: Participate in the formulation of hospital policies and procedures, ensuring they align with best practices in surgical care and patient safety.
Surgical Innovation: Successfully introduced new surgical techniques or technologies that improved patient outcomes and recovery times.
Departmental Growth: Led the department through a period of significant growth, expanding the range of services offered and enhancing its reputation within the medical community.
Research Contributions: Published research in prestigious medical journals or secured funding for clinical trials, contributing to the advancement of surgical knowledge and practices.
Professional Development: Created a robust professional surgical team with recognition of team members in the medical community.
Efficiency and Cost Management: Implemented cost-saving measures without compromising patient care, improving the department's financial health and resource utilization.
- Lead and manage the general surgery service, ensuring efficient and effective delivery of surgical care.
- Develop and implement strategic goals and objectives for the service in alignment with the hospital’s overall strategies that create value.
- Carry out a wide range of general surgical procedures, maintaining high standards of care.
- Ensure all patients receive appropriate, timely, and compassionate surgical care, from pre-operative assessment to post-operative follow-up.
- Supervise and mentor surgeons, residents, and surgical team members, promoting a culture of excellence and continuous improvement.
- Encourage and facilitate the professional growth and development of the surgical team through education, training, and mentoring.
- Lead quality improvement initiatives to enhance patient outcomes, reduce complications, and ensure patient safety.
- Oversee the financial aspects of the service, including budget preparation and management, to ensure efficient use of resources.
- Promote and participate in clinical research within the general surgery service, aiming to contribute to the advancement of surgical techniques and patient care.
- Introduce and integrate new technologies and innovative surgical practices to improve service delivery and patient outcomes.
- Collaborate with other departments and services within the hospital to provide comprehensive care to patients.
Training facilitation
undefinedII Symposium on Updates in General Surgery “Complex Abdomen”, as Speaker: "Goodbye to the Scalpel? Update on the Surgical Management of Acute Pancreatitis". March 15, 2024, Chía - Colombia.
49th National Surgical Week Congress, Colombian Association of Surgery, as Speaker: "Asymptomatic cholelithiasis". November 1,2 and 3, 2023, Cartagena - Colombia.
49th National Surgical Week Congress, Colombian Association of Surgery, as Speaker: "Collaborative Intelligence in Medicine". November 1,2 and 3, 2023, Cartagena - Colombia.
GO-CX Congress 2022, X-Management Advancing in Experience Management. Grand Auditorium - Compensar AV.68 “Medicine with the Heart” September 20 and 21, 2022, Bogotá – Colombia.
III International Congress of Surgery, Keralty. Beyond innovation. Intermediate Congress of the Colombian Association of Surgery. “Playing with fire? Anastomosis and TPN” May 26 and 27, 2022, Bogotá – Colombia.
LATAM Medical Education. Skin Wound Care Summit. Clinical Case Discussion: “ABTHERA™ Open Abdomen Negative Pressure Therapy” July 13,14, and 15, 2021, Bogotá – Colombia.
Diploma: Surgical Treatment of Abdominal Wall Hernia Pathology. Sanitas University Foundation, University Foundation of Health Sciences (FUCS). “Paraostomal Hernia” May 24, 2021, Bogotá – Colombia.
1st Congress of Clinical Management and Best Practices in High Complexity General Surgery. Cardioinfantil Foundation – Institute of Cardiology. “Reconstruction of the Abdominal Wall in Immunosuppressed Patients” October 3 and 4, 2019, Bogotá – Colombia.
1st Congress of Clinical Management and Best Practices in High Complexity General Surgery. Cardioinfantil Foundation – Institute of Cardiology. “What do we expect from an Integrated Health Care Pathway?” October 3 and 4, 2019, Bogotá – Colombia.
Moderator at the I International Congress of Engineering and Architecture for Health. Cardioinfantil Foundation – Institute of Cardiology. August 1 and 2, 2019, Bogotá – Colombia.
I Update Day. Abdominal Wall, Realities and Controversies. CAFAM Floresta Knowledge Center, as Speaker: “Complex Eventration, Definition, Study, and Treatment”. March 29, 2019, Bogotá-Colombia.
I Update Day. Abdominal Wall, Realities and Controversies. CAFAM Floresta Knowledge Center, as Speaker: “Midline Eventrations, From Simple to Complex”. March 29, 2019, Bogotá-Colombia.
44th National Congress “Advances in Surgery”, Colombian Association of Surgery. Pre-congress Course: “Complex Ventral Hernia & Open Inguinal Hernia”, as Speaker: “Intestinal Restitution + Abdominal Cavity Closure: In One Go?”. August 14,15,16, and 17, 2018. Cartagena-Colombia.
44th National Congress “Advances in Surgery”, Colombian Association of Surgery, as Instructor, “BioSkills Lab for General and Trauma Surgeons”. Acelity. Held as a Pre-Congress Course, During the 44th National Congress “Advances in Surgery”. August 13 to 15, 2018. Cartagena- Colombia.
II Symposium Updates in Metabolic and Nutritional Support. Santa Fe de Bogotá Foundation, as Speaker: “Metabolic and Nutritional Problems Related to High Output from Enterostomies”. August 9, 10, and 11, 2018, Bogotá-Colombia.
1st Symposium in Training and Updating of Enterostomal Therapy for Nursing. Cardioinfantil Foundation – Institute of Cardiology, as Speaker: “New Approaches for the Closure of the Abdominal Wall. Proper Use of Meshes”. July 24 and 25, 2018. Bogotá-Colombia.
X Latin American Congress of Surgical Infections (Surgical Infection Society Latin American SISLA). Santa Fe de Bogotá Foundation, as Speaker: “Techniques in Laparoscopic Inguinal Herniorrhaphy, How to Select?”. May 3-4-5, 2018. Bogotá-Colombia.
43rd National Congress “Advances in Surgery”, Colombian Association of Surgery, as Speaker: “Abdominal Wall Surgery in the Health Benefits Plan. Where do we stand?”. August 23, 24, and 25, 2017. Medellín-Colombia.
43rd National Congress “Advances in Surgery”, Colombian Association of Surgery, as Instructor, “BioSkills Lab for General Surgeons on the Comprehensive Management of the Open Abdomen”. Acelity. Held as a Pre-Congress Course, During the 43rd National Congress “Advances in Surgery”. August 22, 2017. Medellín- Colombia.
2nd International Congress of Surgery and 1st Symposium of Pediatric Surgery. Sanitas University Foundation. “Fixation Strategies in Laparoscopic Inguinal Herniorrhaphy”. Certified for 16 hours. May 18 and 19, 2017. Bogotá – Colombia.
38th National Congress “Advances in Surgery”, Colombian Association of Surgery, as Speaker, Clinical Case: “Giant Fibrous Tumor of the Pleura”. Grants 150 credits for the MACC Recertification Program. August 22,23, 24, and 25, 2012. Cali-Colombia.
39th National Congress Advances in Surgery, Colombian Association of Surgery, as Speaker of:
- Free Paper Characteristics, Perioperative Course, and Outcomes of Treatment of a Cohort of Patients with Severe Acute Pancreatitis in a Leading Academic Institution in Bogotá.
- Free Paper Experience in the Closure of the Appendiceal Stump in Laparoscopic Appendectomy at the San Ignacio University Hospital.
Grants 150 credits for the MACC Recertification Program. August 20,21,22, and 23, 2013. Bogotá-Colombia.
Nicolás Lozano-Suárez, Camilo Andrés Polanía-Sandoval, Juan Pablo García-Méndez, Camilo Alejandro Velandia-Sánchez, Juan David Saavedra, Julián Miguel Corso-Ramírez, Leonardo Briceño-Ayala, Luis Felipe Cabrera, Paulo Andrés Cabrera-Rivera, Carlos J Pérez-Rivera. Perioperative mortality in Tolima and perspectives of the fourth indicator of The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery: A preliminary analysis of the prospective cohort of the Colombian Surgical Outcomes Study (ColSOS). rev. colomb. cir.[online]. 2023, vol. 38, n. 3, pp. 501-511. Epub Mar 21, 2023. ISSN 2011-7582. https://doi. org/10.30944/20117582.2289.
Casas-Jaramillo F, Polanía-Sandoval CA, Perez Rivera CJ-, Montoya C, García-Mendez JP, Velandia-Sanchez A, Vergara A, Nuñez V, Gonzalez A, Varón F, Cabrera-Rivera PA, Nutritional and metabolic support in critically-ill patients with COVID-19 disease: A multicenter cohort study, Clinical Nutrition Open Science, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutos.2023.09.008.
Laura García-Zambrano, Daniel Morales-Gómez, Michael J. Dennis-Halley, Carlos F Román-Ortega, Paulo A. Cabrera-Rivera and Marcela Parra. Making a difference? A retrospective review of peripherally inserted central catheters: A single-center experience in Colombia. SAGE Open Medicine Volume 11: 1–6 © The Author(s) 2023 Article reuse guidelines: sagepub.com/journals-permissions httpDs:O//dIo: i1.o0r.g1/107.711/2707/52035103212132132120011349 journals.sagepub.com/home/smo.
Bernal, M. P. G., Contreras, S. D., Gonzalez, A., Cabrera Rivera, P. A. & Perez, C. J. (2022). Multidisciplinary approach as a treatment option for abdominal wall reconstruction in patients with heart failure: A case report. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports, 107770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.107770
Carlos J Pérez-Rivera, Nicolás Lozano-Suárez, Alejandro Velandia-Sanchez, Camilo A Polanía-Sandoval, Juan P García-Méndez, Sharon V Idarraga-Ayala, Julian m Corso-Ramírez, Danny Conde- Monroy, Danna L Cruz-Reyes, Carlos F Durán-Torres, Juan G Barrera-Carvajl, Luisa Fernanda Rojas-Serrano, Laura Alejandra Garcia-Zambrano, Silvia Valentina Agudelo-Mendoza, Leonardo Briceño-Ayala, Paulo A Cabrera-Rivera, ColombianSurg Collaborative. Perioperative mortality in Colombia: perspectives of the fourth indicator in The Lancet Comission on Global Surgery – Colombian Surgical Outcomes Study (ColSOS) – a protocol for a multicentre prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e063182. Doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063182.
Medellin Abueta A, Senejoa NJ, Pedraza Ciro M, Fory L, Rivera CP, Jaramillo CEM, Barbosa LMM, Varela HOI, Carrera JA, Garcia Duperly R, Sanchez LA, Lozada-Martinez ID, Cabrera-Vargas LF, Mendoza A, Cabrera P, Sanchez Ussa S, Paez C, Wexner SD, Strassmann V, DaSilva G, Di Saverio S, Birindelli A, Florez RJR, Kestenberg A, Obando Rodallega A, Robles JCS, Carrasco CAN, Impagnatiello A, Cassini D, Baldazzi G, Roscio F, Liotta G, Marini P, Gomez D, Figueroa Avendaño CE, Villamizar DM, Cabrera L, Reyes JC, Narvaez-Rojas A. Laparoscopic Hartmann's reversal has better clinical outcomes compared to open surgery: An international multicenter cohort study involving 502 patients. Health Sci Rep. 2022 Sep 1;5(5):e788. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.788. PMID: 36090626; PMCID: PMC9434380.
GlobalSurg Collaborative and NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Global Surgery. Local Collaborator, Colombia Paulo Andres Cabrera Rivera, Saul Camelo, Andrea Gonzalez, Alejandro Gonzalez-Orozco, Manuel Santiago Mosquera Paz, Carlos J- Perez Rivera (Fundacion Cardioinfantil-IC). Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study. Lancet Glob Health. 2022 Jul;10(7):e1003-e1011. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00168-1. Epub 2022 May 24. PMID: 35623378; PMCID: PMC9210173.
GlobalSurg Collaborative and National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit on Global Surgery. Local Collaborator, Colombia: Paulo Andres Cabrera Rivera, Saul Camelo, Andrea Gonzalez, Alejandro Gonzalez-Orozco, Manuel Santiago Mosquera Paz, Carlos J- Perez Rivera (Fundacion Cardioinfantil-IC). Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries. Lancet 2021; published online Jan 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/
S0140-6736(21)00001-5.
Acosta-Buitrago LA, Akram K, Jiménez-González D, Cabrera P, Pérez-Rivera C. [Diagnóstico de pancreatitis autoinmune basado en niveles de inmunoglobulina G4: reporte de caso]. Rev. Fac. Med. 2022;70(3):e91445 (In Press). English.
doi: https://doi.org/10.15446/revfacmed.v70n3.91445.
Polanía-Sandoval CA, Velandia-Sánchez A, Pérez-Rivera CJ, Garcia-Mendez JP, Casas-Jaramillo F, Cabrera-Rivera PA. Early preoperative progressive pneumoperitoneum for a symptomatic giant abdominal incisional hernia. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2022 May;94:107028. doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.107028. Epub 2022 Apr 2. PMID: 35427889; PMCID: PMC9027338.
Márquez-Duque, J. M.; Cabrera-Rivera, P. A. Reconstrucción De La Pared Abdominal En Pacientes Con inmunosupresión: Experiencia En Una institución De Alta Complejidad. Rev Colomb Cir 2021, 36, 657-665. https://doi.org/10.30944/20117582.740
Cabrera P, Kadamani A, Diagama S, Corso-Ramirez JM. Bazo accesorio secundario a trombocitopenia autoinmune primaria refractaria – Un reto diagnóstico. Rev. CES Med. 2021; 35(2): 193-201. 10.21615/cesmedicina.6054
COVIDSurg Collaborative and GlobalSurg Collaborative. National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit on Global Surgery. Local Collaborator, Colombia: Paulo Andrés Cabrera Rivera, SARS-CoV-2 infection and venous thromboembolism after surgery: an international prospective cohort study. Anaesthesia 2022; 77: 3–6. doi:10.1111/anae.15563
COVIDSurg Collaborative and GlobalSurg Collaborative. National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit on Global Surgery. Local Collaborator, Colombia: Paulo Andrés Cabrera Rivera. Effects of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study. Anaesthesia 2021; 76: 1439–41.https://doi.org/10.1111/anae.15560
COVIDSurg Collaborative and GlobalSurg Collaborative. National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit on Global Surgery. Local Collaborator, Colombia: Lina M. Acosta Buitrago, Maria Paz Bohórquez-Tarazona, Paulo Andrés Cabrera Rivera, Felipe Casas J, Valeria Cormane Alfaro, Julian Corso, Bayron Guerra, Albert Franz Guerrero-Becerra, Akram Kadamani Abiyomaa, Feliz Ramon Montes, Manuel Santiago Mosquera Paz, Carlos J-Perez Rivera, Camilo Andrés Polanía Sandoval, Natalia Quintana, carlos Fernando Roman Ortega, Carlos Santacruz, Manuela Téllez, Camilo Alejandro Velandia Sánchez. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination modelling for safe surgery to save lives: data from an international prospective cohort study. BJS, 2021, 1-8. DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab101.
COVIDSurg Collaborative and GlobalSurg Collaborative. National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit on Global Surgery. Local Collaborator, Colombia: Lina M. Acosta Buitrago, Maria Paz Bohórquez-Tarazona, Paulo Andrés Cabrera Rivera, Felipe Casas J, Valeria Cormane Alfaro, Julian Corso, Bayron Guerra, Albert Franz Guerrero-Becerra, Akram Kadamani Abiyomaa, Feliz Ramon Montes, Manuel Santiago Mosquera Paz, Carlos J-Perez Rivera, Camilo Andrés Polanía Sandoval, Natalia Quintana, carlos Fernando Roman Ortega, Carlos Santacruz, Manuela Téllez, Camilo Alejandro Velandia Sánchez. Timing of surgery following SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international prospective cohort study. Anaesthesia 2021. https://doi.org/10.1111/anae.15458
Paulo Andrés Cabrera-Rivera, Héctor Jaime Posso-Valencia, Rodolfo José Dennis-Verano. Beneficios clínicos y de costos de un modelo de estandarización en el manejo de la apendicitis aguda. Rev Colomb Cir. 2021;36:283-300. https://doi.org/10.30944/20117582.630.
Paulo Andrés Cabrera-Rivera, Bayron Rafael Guerra, Carlos J. Pérez-Rivera, Lina Sanabria, Sara Sofía Avendaño, Paula Sanabria-Torres. Absceso del uraco y obstrucción intestinal en paciente con obesidad mórbida: reporte de caso. Rev Colomb Cir. 2021;36:352-7. https://doi.org/10.30944/20117582.511.
GlobalSurg Collaborative and National Institute for Health Research Global Health research Unit on Global Surgery. Local Collaborator, Colombia: Paulo Andrés Cabrera Rivera, Saul Camelo, Andrea Gonzalez, Alejandro Gonzalez-Orozco, Manuel Santiago Mosquera Paz, Carlos J-Perez Rivera. Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohory study in 82 countries. Lancet 2021; published online Jan 21. VOLUME 397, ISSUE 10272, P387-397, JANUARY 30, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00001-.
Carlos J. Peres-Rivera, Maria Oviedo, Alejandro Gonzalez-Orozco, Akram Kadamani, and Paulo Cabrera. Emergency esophagojejunostomy in type IV hiatal hernia: A case report. Cir Cir. 2020;88(S1):1-5. DOI: 10.24875/CIRU.19001259.
Andrea Castillo Barbosa, Carlos J. Pérez Rivera, Luis Jaime Tellez, Paulo Cabrera Rivera, Alejandro González-Orozco, Manuel Mosquera Paz. Left diaphragmatic hernia following thoracoabdominal aortic repair: A case report. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports 70 (2020) 209–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.04.038.
Paulo Cabrera, Carlos Roman, Silvia Barbosa, Fabian Alvarado, Esteban Diaz, Mayerlin Martinez. Type 2 myocardial infarction in a patient with acute abdomen due to an incarcerated Amyand’s Hernia. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports 70 (2020) 28–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.03.027
Barbosa SC, Cabrera P, Guerra B, Roman CF. Valproic Acid Induced Necrohemorragic Pancreatitis: Case Report And Diagnostic Aproach In Uncommon Pancreatitis. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports (2019), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijscr.2019.05.052
Manuel Santiago Mosquera, Maria Antonia Ocampo, Alejandro González-Orozco, Carlos J -Perez Rivera, Paulo Cabrera.Retroperitoneoscopic drainage of a retroperitoneal abscess when open surgery is not an option: a novel surgical technique. MOJ Clin Med Case Rep. 2019;9(3):60‒62. DOI: 10.15406/mojcr.2019.09.00305
Carlos Jose Perez MD, Nathaly A Ramirez MD, Alejandro Gonzalez-Orozco MD, Isabella Caicedo MD, Paulo A Cabrera MD. Pneumoperitoneum, Pneumatosis intestinalis, Portal venous gas, Gastrostomy, Case report. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports. 58 (2019) 174–177. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2019.04.018.
Valbuena E, Mosquera MS, Kadamani A, Cabrera PA, Sánchez LA, Román CF, et al. Esplenectomía abierta versus laparoscópica: experiencia en la Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá-Colombia. Iatreia. 2018 Jul-Sept;31(3): 240-247. DOI 10.17533/udea.iatreia.v31n3a0.
Paulo A Cabrera, Manuel Santiago Mosquera, Akram Kadamani, Gabriel Sánchez, Jorge Hernán Santos. Hernia del Hiato de Winslow. Revisión Sistemática de la literatura. Rev Colomb Cir. 2015;30:306-10
ASPEN 2024 Nutrition Science and Practice Conference. Poster: SONNIC Comprehensive Nutritional and Metabolic Support in Cardiovascular Surgery. March 2-5 2024, Tampa, Florida - USA.
44th ESPEN Congress on Clinical nutrition & Metabolism. Poster: “Multicenter Experience in nutritional support of severely ill COVID-19 infected patients in the UCI”. September 3-6 2022. Vienna- Austria.
11th Congress of the Vascular Access Society, Poster: “Long durability peripherally inserted central catheter in pediatric oncological patients: application of a guideline: first 5 experiences in a latin american country”. April 11 – 13 2019. Rotterdam – Netherlands.
American Hernia Society Annual Meeting 2019, en calidad de presentación de Poster electrónico: “Abdominal Wall Reconstruction In Immunosuppressed Patients: Series Of Case In Latin America”. March 11 – 14 2019. Las Vegas – USA.
American Hernia Society Annual Meeting 2019, en calidad de presentación de Poster electrónico: “Left Diaphragmatic Hernia Following Thoracoabdominal Aortic Repair: An Unusual Case”. March 11 – 14 2019. Las Vegas – EEUU.
Active member of the Mexican Hernia Association A.C.
León Guanajuato – Mexico
From March 2015 to Present.
Member in the Hispano-American Hernia Society
Valencia - Spain
From February 2015 to Present.
Active member of the Colombian Association of Surgery ACC.
Bogotá D.C. – Colombia.
From August 24, 2017, to Present.
Active member of the Latin American Surgery Federation FELAC.
Bogotá D.C. – Colombia.
From August 24, 2017, to Present.
Active Member of the Americas Hernia Society
Denver, Colorado – United States of America
From January 2018 to Present.